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The cost-effectiveness of four production systems of a short-straw form of winter triticale (cv. Alekto) with different levels of nitrogen fertilization and fungicide treatment was determined. Based on the current prices of means of production, the total cost of winter triticale production was estimated at PLN 2200-2600, and direct costs accounted for 60-65% of total costs. Regardless of the applied...
The aim of the study was evaluation of the effect of various sowing density and the course of weather conditions in the growing season on the yield and structural yield components of chosen brown- and yellow-husked genotypes (cultivars and strains) of common oats. The two-factor field experiment was carried out in the years 2007-2010 at the Institute of Crop Production and Cultivation of Małopolska...
Based on a 3-year pot experiment carried out according to an additive design, the effect of competitive effect of red clover and water deficit was studied on morphological traits of spring barley (length of the root, shoot and ear, total and productive tillering, leaf number and grain number per ear). The experimental factors included: level of substrate moisture and sowing method. Two levels of moisture...
During the growth of underplant and cover crop interactions occur, the patterns and mechanisms of which are not totally known, particularly within the changeability of ecological factors. Joint use of environmental resources may modify the uptake of nutrients from the bedding and their accumulation in the particular plant organs. The aim of the study was the determination of the effect of interactions...
Legume-cereal mixtures are a valuable source of protein for animals. Mixtures of lupine with oat are recommended for cultivation in weaker soils. This paper presents the result of the study from 2009-2011 aimed to estimate the effect of composition and harvest time of mixtures of blue lupine with oat on the content and yield of total protein in green matter. Two factors were studied in the experiment:...
Investigations were carried out in patches of Molinietum caeruleae meadows dominated by small meadow species (patch I), characterised by prevailing large-tussock grasses (patch II), and overgrown by willow shrubs and bordered by trees (patch III). In each patch, 15 circular gaps with a radius measuring 30 cm were artificially created by the removal of the plant canopy and litter layer. Subsequently,...
Potato has a relatively shallow root system and requires significant nutrient inputs to maintain tuber productivity and quality. Efficient application of the proper type and amount of fertilizer plays an important role in achieving profitable tuber yield with minimum nutrient loss to the environment. The aim of this study was to compare utilization of nutrients from NPKMgS-type fertilizer complex...
The process of secondary succession is observed in the meadows of river valleys in most areas of Central Poland. Abandoned meadows are the result of demographic and economic changes in the country. As a result of secondary succession, forest communities return to abandoned pastures in Pilsia Valley. There are several scenarios of this process. In the classical model the following sequential order...
The complex of Czersk Meadows, irrigated since the middle of the 19th century with the strip-flood system, is unique on the European scale. The aim of this study was to estimate the content of organic carbon, total nitrogen and dissolved fraction of organic matter in conditions of long-lasting irrigation of grasslands. The studied areas included Czersk Meadows, irrigated for more than 150 years, and...
The present paper reports on our observations on embryological processes occurring in the ovules of triploids: Taraxacum belorussicum (sect. Palustria) and T. atricapillum (sect. Borea). The reproduction of these dandelions comprises meiotic diplospory, parthenogenesis and autonomous endosperm development. Mature seeds contain viable embryos that provide regular seedlings. At present the importance...
The aim of the study was the evaluation of the effect of diversified nitrogen fertilization: in-soil, foliar, and foliar in combination with multi-component fertilizer Ekolist, on the content and composition of protein of spring triticale grain cultivar Milewo. Field experiment was carried out at the Didactic-Experimental Centre in Tomaszkowo, which is part of the University of Warmia and Mazury in...
Winter wheat cv. Zyta was grown in organic and integrated farming systems as part of a field experiment conducted in north-eastern Poland in 2008-2010. The aim of the study was the assessment of the effect of different farming systems and various protective treatments on plant health status. The severity of infections caused by Septoria spp., Blumeria graminis and Puccinia recondite, affecting the...
Mineral fertilization is one of the most important components of proper cultivation technology of spring wheat. It actually determines the quantity and quality of grain yield. In 2011-2013 a strict field experiment was carried out which aimed to determine the response of chosen spring wheat cultivars to two NPK fertilization levels. In the research hypothesis it was assumed that varied rates of NPK...
Research on the effect of forecrop and diversified tillage on soil properties in maize agrotechnics was carried out in the years 2010-2013 at the Agricultural Production Farm in Kowróz (53°07′ N; 18°34′ E), Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. On light clay soil, two-factor field experiment was carried out. First factor was the forecrop: winter wheat, spring barley, and maize, and the second factor was...
Nitrogen fertilization of soya bean is usually limited to the starter rate. This results from the ability to plant self-supply in atmospheric nitrogen, thanks to symbiosis with nodule bacteria from the genus Bradyrhizobium japonicum. These bacteria do not occur commonly in Polish soils. Therefore it is of great importance to inoculate seed material of soya bean with the bacterial inoculant – Nitragina...
Most commonly recommended herbicide Command 480 EC applied preemergence causes permanent damage deteriorating quality of the yield in susceptible cultivars. In this situation, it is necessary to search for some effective herbicides that do not show phytotoxic effects on cultivars of different genetic traits. Field experiments conducted in the years 2009-2013 were set up on two different soils. The...
The inspiration to reassess method and timing for establishing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is meteorological data documenting that current Polish winters are milder than several decades ago, when management recommendations were worked out for this crop. Additionally, prolonged periods of spring drought occur more frequently, posing significant challenges to the development of alfalfa seedlings under...
Long-term studies on the occurrence of frit fly (Oscinella frit) on maize were carried out in 2001-2014, in Krzeczowice, south-eastern Poland. In the analysed period, O. frit larvae damaged from 3.5 to 42.2% of plants of a medium-early maturing (FAO 240) maize cultivar (mean 25.2%), causing theoretical loss in grain yield from 0.4 to 8.1% (mean 4.5%). Studies on the susceptibility of maize to frit...
Yield size is the product of the genetic properties of the cultivar, environmental conditions, and the applied agrotechnics, including herbicide application. In agricultural practice, cultivars with high adaptation to changeable environmental conditions and tolerant in relation to many active substances of herbicides are preferred, as this ensures the obtainment of stable yield. The aim of the work...
Legumes and herbs are valuable elements of the meadow sward. In the conditions of extensive meadow-pasture management, for example in protected areas where first cut harvest is delayed, they determine to a large extent fodder quality, for instance total protein content. The aim of the study was the evaluation of total protein and crude fibre contents, as well as dry matter digestibility of chosen...
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